GHSA-rwxx-mrjm-wc2m: vLLM: ReDoS via structured_outputs.regex compiled without timeout in xgrammar and outlines backends

Summary The structured_outputs.regex API parameter passes a user-supplied regex string directly to grammar compiler backends with no compilation timeout. In the xgrammar backend, the string reaches compile_regex() with no guard. In the outlines backend, validate_regex_is_buildable() blocks structural issues (lookarounds, backreferences) but provides zero protection against exponential DFA state-space explosion. Patterns like (a+)+b pass all checks and hang the inference worker. Root Cause backend_xgrammar.py:91 — no timeout: ctx = self.compiler.compile_regex(grammar_spec) backend_outlines.py:299–330 — structural checks only, no complexity analysis: def validate_regex_is_buildable(regex: str) -> None: sre_parse.parse(regex) # AST parse only — does not detect exponential patterns _check_unsupported(...) # blocks lookarounds/backrefs, not nested quantifiers backend_outlines.py:64 — no timeout: oc.Index(regex_string, vocabulary.inner) Impact Denial of service — one request with an adversarial regex pattern hangs an inference worker indefinitely. Remediation Wrap compile_regex() and oc.Index() calls in a thread with a deadline (e.g., 5 seconds). Add complexity analysis to validate_regex_is_buildable() to detect nested quantifier patterns before compilation.