USN-8728-1: Linux kernel (GCP) vulnerabilities
Actively exploited. At least one CVE in this advisory is listed in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities catalog — exploitation has been observed in the wild. Treat remediation as urgent.
It was discovered that some Arm processors could complete a broadcast translation lookaside buffer (TLB) invalidation before memory writes made through the invalidated translation were globally observed. A local attacker could possibly use this to write to memory after permission to do so had been revoked, bypassing memory protections or escalating privileges. (CVE-2025-10263) It was discovered that some AMD Zen 2 processors did not properly isolate shared resources in the operation cache. A local attacker could possibly use this issue to corrupt instructions executed at a higher privilege level, resulting in privilege escalation. (CVE-2025-54518) Several security issues were discovered in the Linux kernel. An attacker could possibly use these to compromise the system. This update corrects flaws in the following subsystems: - x86 platform drivers; - ARM64 architecture; - Cryptographic API; - PSP security protocol; - User-space API (UAPI); - Kernel build system; - ARM32 architecture; - MIPS architecture; - PowerPC architecture; - RISC-V architecture; - S390 architecture; - User-Mode Linux (UML); - x86 architecture; - Block layer subsystem; - Compute Acceleration Framework; - Intel NPU Driver; - ACPI drivers; - Android drivers; - Auxiliary display drivers; - Drivers core; - DRBD Distributed Replicated Block Device drivers; - Rados block device (RBD) driver; - Ublk userspace block driver; - Compressed RAM block device driver; - Bluetooth drivers; - Bus devices; - Character device driver; - Hardware random number generator core; - Clock framework and drivers; - CPU frequency scaling framework; - Hardware crypto device drivers; - Buffer Sharing and Synchronization framework; - DPLL subsystem; - EDAC drivers; - Arm Firmware Framework for ARMv8-A(FFA); - EFI core; - Intel Stratix 10 firmware drivers; - FPGA Framework; - FWCTL subsystem; - GPIO subsystem; - GPU drivers; - HID subsystem; - Hardware monitoring drivers; - CoreSight HW tracing drivers; - I2C subsystem; - I3C su
Details
Original advisory: https://ubuntu.com/security/notices/USN-8728-1
Exploitation outlook
EPSS (FIRST.org) estimates each CVE’s probability of exploitation in the next 30 days — here is the CSIRTS.com read on those numbers.
- Low exploitation riskCVE-2025-102630.57% 30-day exploitation probability — currently an unlikely target, but scores change as exploit code circulates. Riskier than 45% of all EPSS-scored CVEs.
- Low exploitation riskCVE-2025-545180.29% 30-day exploitation probability — currently an unlikely target, but scores change as exploit code circulates. Riskier than 21% of all EPSS-scored CVEs.
- Low exploitation riskCVE-2026-434900.41% 30-day exploitation probability — currently an unlikely target, but scores change as exploit code circulates. Riskier than 34% of all EPSS-scored CVEs.
- Low exploitation riskCVE-2026-434920.15% 30-day exploitation probability — currently an unlikely target, but scores change as exploit code circulates. Riskier than 5% of all EPSS-scored CVEs.
- Low exploitation riskCVE-2026-434950.26% 30-day exploitation probability — currently an unlikely target, but scores change as exploit code circulates. Riskier than 18% of all EPSS-scored CVEs.
- Low exploitation riskCVE-2026-434960.12% 30-day exploitation probability — currently an unlikely target, but scores change as exploit code circulates. Riskier than 2% of all EPSS-scored CVEs.
- Low exploitation riskCVE-2026-434970.11% 30-day exploitation probability — currently an unlikely target, but scores change as exploit code circulates. Riskier than 2% of all EPSS-scored CVEs.
- Low exploitation riskCVE-2026-434980.11% 30-day exploitation probability — currently an unlikely target, but scores change as exploit code circulates. Riskier than 2% of all EPSS-scored CVEs.
- Low exploitation riskCVE-2026-435020.12% 30-day exploitation probability — currently an unlikely target, but scores change as exploit code circulates. Riskier than 2% of all EPSS-scored CVEs.
- Low exploitation riskCVE-2026-458340.12% 30-day exploitation probability — currently an unlikely target, but scores change as exploit code circulates. Riskier than 2% of all EPSS-scored CVEs.
Referenced CVEs
+1369 more CVEs referenced in this advisory.
More from Ubuntu Security Notices
- unknownUSN-8747-1: Beets vulnerability2026-09-10
- unknownUSN-8746-1: libEBML vulnerability2026-09-10
- unknownUSN-8745-1: KissFFT vulnerabilities2026-09-10
- unknownUSN-8748-1: Linux kernel (NVIDIA) vulnerabilities2026-09-10
- unknownUSN-8744-1: Python vulnerabilities2026-09-10