CVE-2026-49401

Summary Deno's permission system enforces filesystem and execution restrictions by comparing the requested path against the path supplied to --deny-read, --deny-write, --deny-run, or --deny-ffi. On macOS, that comparison was done at the raw-byte level while the APFS filesystem treats different Unicode spellings of the same name as the same file. That means a program could reach a denied path by spelling it differently than the deny rule. For example, with --deny-read=/secrets/passwörter.txt, a script could still read the file by opening /secrets/passwo\u0308rter.txt (NFD instead of NFC), or /SECRETS/PASSWÖRTER.txt (different case, since default APFS volumes are case-insensitive). Other forms include ligature characters (fi vs fi, ff vs ff, …) and German ß vs ss. The denied path and the requested path differed at the byte level, so Deno's permission check passed; the kernel then resolved them to the same inode and served the file anyway. The same flaw affected --deny-write, --deny-run, and --deny-ffi, which share the same path-comparison code. Am I affected? You are potentially affected if all of the following are true: 1. You run Deno on macOS (the issue is specific to APFS path-equivalence rules; Linux and Windows are not affected by this variant). 2. You rely on --deny-read, --deny-write, --deny-run, or --deny-ffi as a security boundary against less-trusted code — a dependency, plugin, or attacker-controlled input. 3. The protected path contains characters that have alternate Unicode spellings — most commonly accented characters (é, ñ, ö, …), German ß, or Latin ligatures — or you rely on case-sensitivity on a default APFS volume. If you only run fully trusted code, or your deny rules cover paths that are pure ASCII with no case-sensitive aliases, you are not exposed to this specific bypass. Impact A program running with broad --allow-read (or --allow-write / --allow-run / --allow-ffi) but with --deny-* carve-outs for specific paths could read, write, execut

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